Good candidates are the hypothetical ancestor languages of What is known in Iranian linguistic history as the "Middle Iranian" era is thought to begin around the 4th century BCE lasting through the 9th century.
The largest living Eastern Iranian language is Pashto, with some 50-60 million speakers between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan. The Iranian Language Family is part of the Indo-Iranian (or Aryan 1) language group, itself the major eastern branch of the Indo-European languages. The largest living Eastern Iranian language is Pashto, with some 50–60 million speakers between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan. Bonn: Weber. Sanglichi 39.
The Iranian languages all descend from a common ancestor: It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Proto-Iranian thus dates to some time after Proto-Indo-Iranian break-up, or the early second millennium BCE, as the Old Iranian languages began to break off and evolve separately as the various Iranian tribes migrated and settled in vast areas of southeastern Europe, the Proto-Iranian innovations compared to Proto-Indo-Iranian include:Old Persian was an Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches.Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks. Pers. It also exerted some influence on Arabic, [21] while borrowing vocabulary from it under medieval Arab rule. Yidgha 41.
Pashto (, rarely ; پښتو, Pax̌tō, ), sometimes spelled Pukhto, is a language in the Eastern Iranian group of the Indo-European family. In particular, Khotanese, Sogdian, and Pashto have well-preserved case-systems, fairly strict rules of concord, and a variety of declensions. Shughni-Rushani languges 47. The division into an "Eastern" and a "Western" group by the early 1st millennium is visible in Avestan vs. Old Persian, the two oldest known Iranian languages. I. Edelman, “History of the consonant systems of the North-Pamir languages,” V. A. Efimov and D. I. Edel’man, “Novoiranskie yazyki: vostochnaya gruppa” inW. The Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BC), Middle Iranian (400 BC – 900 AD), and New Iranian … More precisely The Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages emerging in Middle Iranian times (from c. the 4th century BC). The Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BC), Middle Iranian (400 BC – 900 AD), and New Iranian (since 900 AD). 165-72).The Modern Eastern Iranian languages are even more numerous and varied. The living Eastern Iranian languages are spoken in a contiguous area, in eastern Afghanistan as well as the adjacent parts of western Pakistan, Middle Persian/Dari spread around the Oxus River region, Afghanistan, and Khurasan after the Arab conquests and during Islamic-Arab rule.Eastern Iranian remains a single dialect continuum subject to common innovation. Ishkashmi 38. Bactrian, in particular, seems to occupy an intermediate position between Western and Eastern Iranian, sharing almost as many features with Parthian as with Chorasmian and Sogdian (Sims-Williams in Schmitt, pp. Indian loanwords are found already in most Eastern Middle Iranian languages (but also in Parthian) and increase in number in the modern period.Apart from works referred to above in the text, this list includes etymological dictionaries or vocabularies of individual languages of the group and important comparative studies of the Eastern Iranian languages.D.
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