"In late January 1938, the Japanese army forced all refugees in the Safety Zone to return home, immediately claiming to have "restored order".
The American ambassador in Hankow replied that although he supported Rabe's proposal for a ceasefire, Chiang did not. This resulted in the widespread looting and burglary.In other words, on the 13th when your troops entered the city, we had nearly all the civilian population gathered in a Zone in which there had been very little destruction by stray shells and no looting by Chinese soldiers even in full retreat.… All 27 Occidentals in the city at that time and our Chinese population were totally surprised by the reign of robbery, raping and killing initiated by your soldiers on the 14th.
They do not mention sexual assaults. Yoshida argues that "Nanking crystallizes a much larger conflict over what should constitute the ideal perception of the nation: Japan, as a nation, acknowledges its past and apologizes for its wartime wrongdoings; or ... stands firm against foreign pressures and teaches Japanese youth about the benevolent and courageous martyrs who fought a just war to save Asia from Western aggression. The door was open by the landlord, a Pregnant women were targeted for murder, as their stomachs were often bayoneted, sometimes after rape. In the University Middle School where there are 8,000 people the Japs came in ten times last night, over the wall, stole food, clothing, and raped until they were satisfied. In 2003, Zhang Lianhong, professor of Nanjing Massacre Research Center in Nanjing Normal University, published an article in the Shortly after the surrender of Japan, the primary officers in charge of the Japanese troops at Nanjing were put on trial.
616–21.John G. Gagee, Case 9, Film 4, Folder 7, Box 263, Record Group 8, Special Collection, Yale Divinity School Library, cited in "A Debt of Blood: An Eyewitness Account of the Barbarous Acts of the Japanese Invaders in Nanjing."
According to reports, Japanese troops torched newly built government buildings as well as the homes of many civilians.
After the establishment of the In February 1938, both Prince Asaka and General Matsui were recalled to Japan. The massacre occurred over a period of six weeks starting on December 13, 1937, the day that the Japanese Since most Japanese military records on the killings were kept secret or destroyed shortly after the In an attempt to secure permission for this cease-fire from The following day, on December 10, Rabe got his answer from the Generalissimo. In case of resistance or anything that seems like disapproval, there is a bayonet stab or a bullet.… People are hysterical… Women are being carried off every morning, afternoon and evening. To learn more, try reading "The Rape of Nanking" by Iris Chang.
Let me recount some instances occurring in the last two days. massacre, as well as more than 400 historical photographs of the massacre, are contained in the recently published book The Rape of Nanking: An Undeniable History in Photographs, which Princeton Uni-versity Professor of History, Yu Yingshih, refers to as "a major work on modern Chinese history. [T]here is no obvious explanation for this grim event, nor can one be found.
During the chaos following the attack of the city, some were killed in the Safety Zone, but the crimes that occurred in the rest of the city were far greater by all accounts.Rabe wrote that, from time to time, the Japanese would enter the Safety Zone at will, carry off a few hundred men and women, and either summarily execute them or rape and then kill them.It is said that Rabe rescued between 200,000 and 250,000 Chinese people. However, the actual number of victims is hard to determine, according to government of Japan.This nationalist view does not, however, represent a widely shared understanding of what happened at Nanjing, as illustrated by Japanese textbooks' rather different treatment of the atrocity. While the books' take on Nanjing is stilted and feels like the product of a committee, in various versions they acknowledge the deaths of thousands of Chinese including women and children, as well as looting, arson and assaults by Japanese soldiers. Many that left continued to actively fight the Japanese.
When I think of the feelings and sentiments of many of my Chinese friends who have fled from Nanjing and of the future of the two countries, I cannot but feel depressed.
According to the Some researchers estimate that between 40,000 and 60,000 people were killed, which corresponds to the figures from three sources; one is the Red Army's official journal of the time, Hangdibao and another is that of Miner Searle Bates of the International Safety Zone Committee, and the third is the aforementioned figure written by John Rabe in a letter.The casualty count of 300,000 was first promulgated in January 1938 by In the 2010 Japan-China Joint History Research Committee meeting, scholars from the Japanese side set the maximum possible number of civilian victims at 200,000, with estimates of around 40,000 or 20,000. Two girls, about 16, were raped to death in one of the refugee camps. Some Chinese soldiers stripped civilians of their clothing in a desperate attempt to blend in, and many others were shot by the Chinese supervisory unit as they tried to flee.On 13 December, the 6th and the 116th Divisions of the Japanese Army were the first to enter the city, facing little military resistance. The Japanese march through the city in groups of ten to twenty soldiers and loot the shops.… I watched with my own eyes as they looted the café of our German baker Herr Kiessling.
They bayoneted one little boy of eight who [had] five bayonet wounds including one that penetrated his stomach, a portion of Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.The destruction of Nanjing—which had been the capital of the "12 The U.S., which served as the melting pot of cultures and is home to descendants of members of both of Chinese and Japanese cultures, took up the mantle of investigator for the victimized Chinese.
During the massacre, the international community inside Nanking created a safety zone for refugees.
History at your fingertips
I could go on for pages telling of cases of rape and brutality almost beyond belief.
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