The use of unsaturated polyesters and additives such as styrene lower It is usual to refer to unsaturated polyester resins as ‘polyester resins’, or simply as ‘polyesters’. See These styrene-based resins have been proven to be safe and reliable and ideally suited for mainline, large-diameter CIPP applications.
However, there are three different types of resins available for CIPP lining, including polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy. RESIN: Most CIPP (Cured-In-Place-Pipe) installations use a styrene-based unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resin. Isophthalic polyester resin is now becoming the preferred material in industries such as marine where its superior water resistance is desirable.The figure below shows the idealised chemical structure of a typical polyester. Resins can be formulated to the moulder’s requirements ready simply for the addition of the catalyst prior to moulding. It is now a chemically resistant (and usually) hard solid. For all the latest composites industry news, events and more please follow @This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Synthetic resins have several classes.
Polyester Resin. Curing the Resin During the curing process, the reactive diluent, which is usually styrene, begins the cross-linking process that bonds the polymer chains until the resin forms a gel and then hardens. Note the positions of the ester groups (CO – O – C) and the reactive sites (C* = C*) within the molecular chain.Most polyester resins are viscous, pale coloured liquids consisting of a solution of a polyester in a monomer which is usually styrene.
The resin and any additives must be carefully stirred to disperse all the components evenly before the catalyst is added.
The addition of styrene in amounts of up to 50% helps to make the resin easier to handle by reducing its viscosity. Too much catalyst will cause too rapid a gelation time, whereas too little catalyst will result in under-cure.Colouring of the resin mix can be carried out with pigments. The catalyst does not take part in the chemical reaction but simply activates the process. The material is used extensively in clothing. This is especially so when laminating with layers of reinforcing materials as air bubbles can be formed within the resultant laminate which can weaken the structure.
Some are manufactured by the esterification of organic compounds.
Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in their main chain.
By far the majority of dinghies, yachts and workboats built in composites make use of this resin system.Polyester resins such as these are of the ‘unsaturated’ type. Often small quantities of inhibitor are added during the resin manufacture to slow this gelling action.For use in moulding, a polyester resin requires the addition of several ancillary products.
The choice of a suitable pigment material, even though only added at about 3% resin weight, must be carefully considered as it is easy to affect the curing reaction and degrade the final laminate by use of unsuitable pigments.Filler materials are used extensively with polyester resins for a variety of reasons including:Fillers are often added in quantities up to 50% of the resin weight although such addition levels will affect the flexural and tensile strength of the laminate. There is a whole range of polyesters made from different acids, glycols and monomers, all having varying properties.There are two principle types of polyester resin used as standard laminating systems in the composites industry. Unsaturated polyesters are condensation polymers formed by the reaction of polyols, organic compounds with multiple alcohol or hydroxy functional groups, with saturated or unsaturated dibasic acids.
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